Subspecies Graphium anthedon choredon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864)
Blue Fanny, Blue Triangle
- Papilio choredon Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1864. Species Lepidopterorum hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae in seriem systematicam digestae. Pars prima. Papilionidae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14: 289-378 [305] [from an unpublished manuscript by Boisduval; Felder made reference to Gray (1853: 28, pl. 4, fig. 1) and identified Papilio sarpedon variety b. as being the same as Papilio choredon].
Type data:
Syntype(s) BMNH unknown, Australia (as given by Gray)
Comment: The Felders listed the species and referred to Gray (1853), they did not describe it but in referring to Gray's description and illustration they validated the name, they certainly had additional material but whether it should be considered type material when it was not described is doubtful; Gray, G.R. 1853. Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collections of the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionidae. London : British Museum 84 pp. 14 pls [issued 1853, dated 1852] [28] (illustrated and described two specimens from Australia); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101–133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [127] (mentioned a type female which came from Brisbane and which in his ms notes he said he saw at Tring); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [252] (referred to a holotype but knew of no type specimen); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (both Gray's and the Felder's specimens should be in the BMNH).Type locality references:
Gray, G.R. 1853. Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Papilionidae. London : British Museum (Natural History) Part 1 iii 84 pp., 14 pls.; Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1864. Species Lepidopterorum hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae in seriem systematicam digestae. Pars prima. Papilionidae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14: 289-378 [305] (the Felders originally gave Australia, New Guinea, Waigiou and Woodlark Is. as localities); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [127] (recorded Brisbane as a label on a Felder 'type'); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938]; Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp.; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. - Papilio parsedon Westwood, J.O. 1872. Descriptions of some new Papilionidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 20(2): 85-110 pls 3-5 [99 pl. 5 figs 1-2].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH ♂ (Westwood in the original description mentioned a unique specimen), unknown (type locality unknown to Westwood)
Comment: Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167–463 pl. 6 [442] (mentioned a type specimen in the Godman and Salvin collection now in BMNH); Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp. [9] (recorded the holotype in BMNH as a small, pale, male).Type locality references:
Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6; Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Jordan, K. 1909. The Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. [Papilio]. pp. 25-112 in Seitz, A. (ed.). The Macrolepidoptera of the World: a systematic description of the hitherto known macrolepidoptera. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Vol. 9. [publication date: Griffin, F.J. 1936. The contents of the parts and the dates of appearance of Seitz' Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (The Macrolepidoptera of the World), Lieferungen 1 to 130 Palaearctic and 1 to 575 exotic. Vols 1 to 16, 1907–1935. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85(10): 243–279] [95] (synonymised parsedon with choredon)
- Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [252] (suggested that messogis Fruhstorfer, 1907 and corycus Fruhstorfer, 1907 may also be synonyms)
- Reboud, E.L., Nabholz, B., Chevalier, E., Lafon, B.J., Tilak, M-K., Mielke, C.G.C., Cotton, A.M. and Condamine, F.L. 2024. Clarifying the phylogeny and systematics of the recalcitrant tribe Leptocircini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) with whole‐genome data. Systematic Entomology 1-28
Miscellaneous Literature Names
- Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758) [misidentification; removed from synonymy with G. serpedon, see Page & Treadaway (2013)]. —
Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G. 2013. Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and its allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Neue Series 6: 223-246
Introduction
Page and Treadaway (2013) revised the Graphium sarpedon (Linneaus, 1758) complex from SE Asia and recognised eight species based on evidence from wing colour pattern, morphology (male and female genitalia) and, for some taxa, pattern of divergence DNA sequences on GenBank (ND5 mtDNA and 28S rRNA). The subspecies Graphium sarpedon choredon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) from Australia was considered to be a species distinct from G. sarpedon based on differences in pigmentation/scale structure and in the structure of the male and female genitalia. The type material of Papilio choredon C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 was not examined. Populations from mainland New Guinea and adjacent islands and the Solomon Islands were treated as a separate species, Graphium isander (Godman & Salvin, 1888) and distinguished from G. choredon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) according to minor differences in the size and shape of the tail on vein M3 of the hind wing, the structure of the male and female genitalia, and overall body size. However, in a more comprehensive molecular phylogeny based on up to 13 genetic loci captured from 26 samples using anchored hybrid enrichment, Cotton et al. (2022) showed that G. choredon and G. isander, which were recovered as closely related sister taxa, were nested within Graphium anthedon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864), thus rendering G. anthedon paraphyletic. Reboud et al. (2024) therefore provisionally treated the taxa choredon and isander as subspecies of G. anthedon pending further taxonomic research of the G. sarpedon complex.
Distribution
States
Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland
Extra Distribution Information
Gulf of Carpentaria, NE oceanic, N Gulf, NE coastal, SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin, QLD, NSW, ACT, Torres Strait Ils to ACT; extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu. Reported as reasonably abundant on Hammond Island, Torres Strait by Lane & Moulds (2015: 31)
IBRA
ACT, NSW, Qld: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)
Other Regions
Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater
Ecological Descriptors
Larva: herbivore.
General References
Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [237] (biology)
Cotton, A.M., Doleck, T., Zhang, X., Inayoshi, Y., Lohman, D.J. & Hu, S-J. 2022. Graphium septentrionicolus Page & Treadaway, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is a distinct species. Zootaxa 5154(2): 211-224
James, D.G. 1988. Induction of pupal diapause in Papilio aegeus aegeus Donovan and Graphium sarpedon choredon (C. & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 15(1): 39-44 [39]
Miskin, W.H. 1891. A synonymical catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (Butterflies) of Australia with full bibliographical reference: including descriptions of some new species. Annals of the Queensland Museum 1: [i]-xx 1-[93] [i]-ix [4] (Papilio choredon listed as a synonym of Papilio sarpedon)
Olliff, A.S. 1889. Australian Butterflies a brief account of the native families, with a chapter on collecting and preserving insects. Sydney : Natural History Association of New South Wales 48 pp. [35] (biology, Papilio choredon described as a variety of Papilio sarpedon)
Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G. 2013. Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and its allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Neue Series 6: 223-246 (full species status, and exclusion of Graphium sarpedon from Australia)
Reboud, E.L., Nabholz, B., Chevalier, E., Lafon, B.J., Tilak, M-K., Mielke, C.G.C., Cotton, A.M. and Condamine, F.L. 2024. Clarifying the phylogeny and systematics of the recalcitrant tribe Leptocircini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) with whole‐genome data. Systematic Entomology 1-28
Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6 [442, 443] (described parsedon and choredon as subspecies of Papilio sarpedon, suggested synonymy of parsedon and choredon)
Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [127]
Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [167] (as Papilio sarpedon choredon, biology)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-Apr-2025 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 20-Mar-2025 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 07-Mar-2024 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 20-Mar-2025 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 14-Oct-2013 | Graphium Scopoli, 1777 | 14-Oct-2013 | MOVED | |
| 05-Mar-2013 | 05-Mar-2013 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2012 | 30-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 28-Mar-2012 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 28-Mar-2012 | 05-Apr-2011 | MODIFIED | ||
| 25-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |